%TYPE and %ROWTYPE are used to define variables in PL/SQL as it is defined within the database. If the datatype or precision of a column changes, the program automically picks up the new definition from the database without having to make any code changes.
The %TYPE and %ROWTYPE constructs provide data independence, reduces maintenance costs, and allows programs to adapt as the database changes to meet new business needs.
%TYPE is used to declare a field with the same type as that of a specified table's column. Example:
DECLARE
v_EmpName emp.ename%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_EmpName FROM emp WHERE ROWNUM = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name = ' || v_EmpName);
END;
/
%ROWTYPE is used to declare a record with the same types as found in the specified database table, view or cursor. Examples:
DECLARE
v_emp emp%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
v_emp.empno := 10;
v_emp.ename := 'XXXXXXX';
END;
/
DECLARE
v_EmpRecord emp%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO v_EmpRecord FROM emp WHERE ROWNUM = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name = ' || v_EmpRecord.ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary = ' || v_EmpRecord.sal);
END;
/
